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"The Paradox of Education for Refugees: Noor’s Perpetuating Social Exclusion Instead of Social Integration" "تعلیم کا المیہ: سماجی شمولیت کے بجائے سماجی اخراج کا شکار نور"

Abdul Moeed



Imagine being 12 years old and seeing your home reduced to rubble, your school gone, and you're forced to flee to a foreign land. But amidst such chaos, you find a small tent in this refugee camp with a chalkboard and a handful of books. For many children in these refugee camps, this tent means hope—a glimmer of normalcy in a life turned upside down by war. In fact, for millions of displaced children, education is more about fighting trauma, rebuilding their identity, and fostering a sense of belonging than about learning math or history. But the path to education in these crisis zones is anything but smooth.

Education Under Siege: A Challenge for a Refugee

More than 50% of refugee children of school age have absolutely no access to education, according to the UNHCR. In war-torn parts of the world, like Syria, South Sudan, and Afghanistan, displacement has demolished entire structures of education, leaving millions of children vulnerable to leading a life with no learning. This is more than a statistic; this is a lost generation, holding on to the only thread of hope they have, and that is education. What's worse, consistent educational infrastructure is practically non-existent in refugee camps. Some of the more fortunate camps have temporary learning spaces, but they oftentimes operate on the bare minimum. Just imagine trying to focus with no desks, no textbooks, no reliable source of electricity, and only one teacher managing 60 students of varying ages and abilities. In some places, classes are held outside, using rocks as their seating charts. Refugee children often bounce from camp to camp, or country to country, never being in one place long enough to attend school. That doesn't stop many of them from fighting to learn.

 A story of resilience: Noor's journey

 Noor, a Afghan refugee, personifies that resiliency. Having lost her home in Kabul, she and her family fled to the borders of “Wehsh” in Pakistan. To Noor, the makeshift school in the camp represented at least that one thing that would maybe give her a sense of normalcy in the chaos of refugee life. Noor, who attended daily, has one teacher for 50 children and few materials. But vividly she wants to become a teacher one day. Her story reflects the struggle and hope of millions like her—children who see education as a lifeline in times of despair.

Challenges Encountered by Noor in Pakistan

Struggling with identity crisis as well as citizenship dilution, Noor and many other people like her encountered tremendous challenges for their intellectual development and institutions like Schools which were seen to empower them rather perpetuated this sense of alienation and the feeling of being an outsider, just like completely segregated and not socially integrated into that community. Facing remarks like, “Don’t sit with, don’t share your lunch with them because they are namak haram afghans”, displays the need for intervention on how the host countries like Pakistan do take these refugees in just for the sake of foreign aid coming in the country which although also doesn’t end up translating to them.

Noor and his journey from middle school up until here in Lums is filled with tons of hurdles and experiences which displays the level of social exclusion that is faced by her despite such similar basic things like religion as well as many cultural practices but the fact that her teachers discriminating against her in middle school, to her being bullied in APWA college Lahore on belonging to a different ethnicity, to her not been able to get a visa for a fully funded exchange in Turkey because of incomplete citizenship rights, also points towards how schooling in conflict zones for refugee often tend to make it way more challenging for them in comparison to their counterparts and the sad and unfortunate aspect is that no one wants to do anything about that.

            I would like to end this blog on a powerful note in my conversation with Noor from the last weekend, in which she mentions, "Kya faida hai is taleem ka? Har jagah to yeh ehsaas dilati hai ke main bahar ki hoon, jaise is samaaj mein meri koi jagah nahi. Parhai khatam bhi ho jaye to kya? Yeh sirf meri tanhai aur barha degi." In response to which i mentioned, “Taleem tumhein aage barhne ka mauqa degi, tumhein muashrat mein shaamil karegi." But her last response i believe made me speechless and is the best pinnacle to reflect upon in which she expressed.  

"Kab? Jab main apni shanakht kho doongi? Yeh taleem, yeh idaray sirf unhein qabool karte hain jo pehle se taaqatwar hain. Main jahan bhi jati hoon, sirf ek ajnabi ki tarah khud ko paati hoon. Koi jagah nahi, koi apnayat nahi."

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25020402
Oct 27, 2024

This is such a well written article, thank you for sharing Noor's story in such a poignant way. Her resilience is something to look up to, especially because we tend to forget how fortunate we are to be accessing education without having to fight obstacles that millions have to face. I am so glad to hear that she was able to come to LUMS and I pray for her to have a successful future. I was especially struck by this line: “Don’t sit with, don’t share your lunch with them because they are namak haram afghans.” It reminds me of how these divisions are made through these ridiculous notions. A common phrase I would hear is how one should not…

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Thank you for sharing Noor's story and writing such a thought-provoking blog. Your narrative powerfully illustrates how education, while often seen as a path to empowerment, can simultaneously perpetuate social exclusion for marginalized communities like the Hazara in Pakistan.

Noor's experiences highlight the resilience and hope that education represents for many, yet they also underscore the harsh reality of alienation and discrimination. Her struggles with bullying and citizenship challenges reveal how educational institutions often reinforce feelings of otherness rather than fostering inclusion. It’s heartbreaking to hear her express despair about her identity, especially when education should provide opportunities for growth and belonging.

This raises critical questions about how host countries can better support refugees in their integration journey. What specific…

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Abdul Moeed
Oct 27, 2024
Replying to

hey thank you for engaging to Noor's story, Your reflections capture the heart of her journey and the complex duality of education for refugees—both a path of hope and a reminder of exclusion.

Now to answer your question,I agree that policies supporting integration and acceptance, not just for students but for their future workforce inclusion, are essential. Creating supportive structures that allow refugees to build a meaningful life would indeed prevent the marginalization that Noor and others like her experience. The label of "namak-haram Afghan" is deeply troubling, and hearing Noor describe such encounters was a powerful reminder of how language and labels can dehumanize. I also hope that by sharing stories like hers, we can encourage…

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Ali Khan
Oct 27, 2024

Your blog really captures the tragic reality faced by young refugees like Noor who, despite holding onto education as a source of hope, face severe obstacles in finding a sense of belonging. The account of Noor’s journey highlights a crucial issue: the host country’s role in integrating refugees effectively. But, given Pakistan’s financial and political challenges, I wonder if we’re asking too much from host countries or expecting them to fill gaps that might require international involvement and support.

It’s disheartening to read that refugees like Noor are so often viewed as “outsiders,” facing discrimination even in spaces designed for inclusivity, such as schools. That raises an important question: how can these spaces truly become inclusive? Would education programs with…

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Abdul Moeed
Oct 27, 2024
Replying to

Definitely Ali, Spot on, You’re right—expecting host countries alone to bear the responsibility of integration, especially when facing their own challenges, is a lot. I agree that international support could play a key role in filling these gaps, ensuring refugees are truly supported.ven small efforts, as you mentioned, could help create an environment where refugees feel a bit more accepted. I believe such measures, paired with consistent international aid, could ease the isolation Noor and others experience, making education the inclusive, hopeful space it’s meant to be. Thank you again for highlighting these important points!

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Niwal Zahid
Oct 27, 2024

Noor’s journey as a refugee navigating the challenges of education in Pakistan makes me reflect on the harsh reality that refugee children face. The idea that education should be a path toward social integration and empowerment feels so distant from Noor’s experience, where instead, it has been a series of barriers that only reinforce her feeling of exclusion. It’s heartbreaking to imagine being a child whose entire life has been uprooted. The way Noor was treated on the basis of her eyhnicity reveals how deep-rooted biases can taint something as fundamental as schooling.


Noor’s story shows that even when refugee children are granted access to education, it doesn’t guarantee an equal experience. The discrimination she faced from teachers and peers,…


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Abdul Moeed
Oct 27, 2024
Replying to

Nawaal thank you for picking up and explaining the argument that Noor's journey posits for us. You captured so well the paradox of education for refugee students: they gain access but not necessarily inclusion. It’s heartbreaking, as you said, to think of education reinforcing exclusion when it should be the opposite.


I completely agree that bridging these gaps requires more than recognition. As students, even small efforts—like mentorship programs, inclusive student groups, or pushing for policies that support refugees—could help create more accessible pathways. Noor’s story serves as a call to action, urging us all to actively work toward an educational environment where everyone, regardless of background, feels they belong. Thank you for this honest and empathetic response.

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Amna Shahzad
Oct 27, 2024

Thank you for sharing such in depth emotional and social toll experience faced by students in conflict. Education—or rather, the struggle for education—can take on the children like Noor. Her story is a heartbreaking reminder of how education, which should empower, often deepens feelings of isolation for those already marginalized. Noor’s words capture the frustration of trying to belong in a system that, as she says, seems built for those with privilege and power. Her question “Kya faida hai is taleem ka?” is haunting. A question I have: What practical changes could schools or governments implement to make education not only accessible but also welcoming and inclusive for refugees? Could integrating cultural awareness training for teachers and students help ease…


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Abdul Moeed
Oct 27, 2024
Replying to

Hey Amna thanks for your kind and empathetic words towards the harsh life of Noor.I believe that recognizing and addressing these emotional and social barriers can help Noor and others like her feel a genuine sense of belonging.


Practical changes, like cultural awareness training for both teachers and students, could be a powerful step in reducing alienation. If schools made an effort to understand and honor the backgrounds of refugee students, it would signal that they’re valued, not just as students but as individuals with unique stories.Creating safe, inclusive spaces where they’re truly welcomed would allow education to serve its purpose of empowerment. Thank you for emphasizing this.

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